CLAS / HIST 149 THE ANCIENT NEAR EAST: FINAL FINAL-EXAM STUDY GUIDE

GENERAL:

Believe it or not, this final covers only the major items encountered after Spring Break (some map items do repeat, and a few figures discussed at beginning of semester resurface in Mieroop’s final chapters.

Yes, this exam will be intense. The goal is to have you review Mieroop and the Online PPTs so you can consolidate a broad outline of significant political / cultural / ethnic developments. For those who have kept up with the readings and lectures, many of the identifications are already in the bag: also your good participation grade will cushion performance on final (participation = 25% of final grade). If you have not been keeping up, this is your chance to get something out of the class, and to salvage a decent grade. I don’t like giving Ds and Fs, but will do so when called for.

The following items have been drawn from the boldfaced terms in the online PPTs. It includes most but not all of them. Those boldfaced terms from the PPTS which do not appear among the identifications below may still be worth knowing / discussing if you choose the essay option for part 5 (see below). Also note that some items have been added to, and removed from, the provisional study which was previously posted: if you wish to see exactly what has been added and deleted, click here.

PART ONE: Map IDs. Prepare for this using the Online Study Map. I will give you the same map for the exam, with relevant place names removed.

Babylonia, Iran, Dilmun:

Agade (?)

Anshan

Babylon

Dilmun

Isin

Kish

Lagash

Larsa

Nippur

Persepolis

Sippar

Susa

Umma

Ur

Uruk

Upper Mesopotamia / N. Syria:

Alalakh

Aleppo

Asshur (Assur)

Har(r)an

Karkamish aka Carchemish

Mari

Nineveh

Nuzi

Qadesh

Qatna

Anatolia:

Gordion

Ephesus

Kanesh

Karatepe

Khattusha (aka Hattus(h)a)

Sardis

Troy

Levant

Ashdod

Ashkelon

Byblos

Gaza

Hazor

Jerusalem

Ugarit

Rivers:

Diyala

Euphrates

(K)habur

Orontes

Tigris

Mountains

Zagros

Taurus

Mt. Ararat

Transcaucasia

PART TWO: MAJOR PEOPLES / ETHNICITIES / LANGUAGE GROUPS. These will be identifications, where you match the name to a description. Prepare for this by reviewing the sources indicated:

M = Mieroop

L = received emphasis in lectures / student presentations

B/G = Black and Green

Online = Online reading linked from course webpage

ANET = Pritchard, ANET = J. B. Pritchard, The Ancient near East - an Anthology of Texts and Pictures.

Bible = figure from Bible readings

Wik. = Flesh out with Wikipedia entry.

Bronze Age:

Hyksos (M / L)

Ahhiyawa (M / L)

Hurrians (M / L)

Habiru (M / L)

Gasga / Kaska (M / L)

Hattic / Hattians (M / L)

Sea Peoples (M / L / ANET)

Kassites (M)

Aramaeans (M / L)

Peleset / Philistines (M / L / ANET)

Shikalayu (M)

Iron Age:

Chaldeans (M)

Cimmerians (M / L)

Lydians (M /L)

Phrygians (M)

Mushku (M)

Scythians (M)

Aramaeans (M)

Armenians (M)

Ammonites / Ammon (Bible, M)

Medes (M)

Persians (M / L)

Luwians (M / L)

Neo-Hittites (M / L)

Phoenicians (M)

Nubians (M)

PART THREE: IMPORTANT PLACES. Again, identifications. Match name to description of basic cultural / political significance (which may include geographical location)

Late Bronze Age:

Amarna / Akhetaten (M / L)

Alashiya (M / L)

Ugarit (M / L)

Uluburun (M; Wik / L

Qadesh (M / Wik / L)

Washukanni (M)

Hanigalbat (M)

Nuzi (M)

Alalakh (M)

Kizzuwatna (M)

Tarhuntassa (M)

Nerik (M)

Arzawa (M)

Amurru (M, ANET Amarna letters)

Karduniash (M)

Dur-Kurigalzu (M)

Iron Age

Carcemish (M)

Qarqar (M)

Urartu (M)

Musasir (M)

Hamath (M)

Karatepe (M, Wik, ANET, L)

Judah (M, Bible)

Samaria (M, Bible)

Damascus (M)

Kalhu / Calah (M / L)

Nineveh (M / L)

Ecbatana aka Hamadan (M / L)

Gordion (M / L)

Sardis (M / L)

Teima (M)

Pasargadae (M)

Persepolis (M)

Behistun (M / L)

PART FOUR: MYTH AND LEGEND. Again, these are identifications, mostly drawn from our literary readings.

Teshub / Teisheba (ANET; B/G; M)

Utnapishtim / Ziusudra (ANET / L)

Kumarbi(s) (Online)

Ullikummi(s) (Onine)

Illuyankas (Online)

Telepinus, the god, not the king (ANET)

Dan’el (ANET, Tale of Aqhat)

Aqhat (ANET, Tale of Aqhat)

Anat (ANET, Tale of Aqhat)

Kothar-wa-Hasis (ANET, Tale of Aqhat)

Mot (ANET, Baal Cycle)

Yamm (ANET, Baal Cycle)

El (ANET, Tale of Aqhat)

Baal (ANET, Tale of Aqhat)

Assur (M)

Ahiqar (M, ANET, Wik)

Kubaba (L, Wik)

Nabu (B/G, M)

Ahuramazda (M)

Mopsos (L / ANET Karatepe Inscription)

Kinyras (L, Great Collapse PPT)

FOR THE FINAL SECTION YOU HAVE A CHOICE BETWEEN AN ESSAY QUESTION, AND 75 FURTHER IDENTIFICATIONS OF HISTORICAL FIGURES:

OPTION 1: CHOICE OF ESSAY QUESTIONS. Write in as much detail as you can on one of the following topics, tracing broad historical developments, discussing specific historical figures, and any noteworthy social / political / cultural features of the period. Demonstrate more knowledge than could have been gleaned solely from the online PPTs (i.e. by re-reading appropriate sections of Mieroop and / or Kuhrt).

1. The Late Bronze Age, including Mitanni, Hittite New Kingdom, Middle Assyrian kingdom, and the Egyptian presence in the Levant during New Kingdom.

2. The Great Collapse and the United Monarchy

3. The Neo-Assyrian period

4. Developments from the Fall of Nineveh to the Alexander the Great  

OPTION 2: IDENTIFICATIONS OF HISTORICAL FIGURES

LATE BRONZE AGE:

EGYPTIAN:

Akhenaten (M; Wik)

Ramesses II (M)

Ahmose I (L / ANET / Wik.)

Thutmose III (L / Wik.)

Merneptah (M)

Ramesses III (M)

MIDDLE ASSYRIAN:

Assur-Uballit I (M)

Adad-Nirari I (M)

Shalmeneser I (M)

Tikulti-Ninurta I (M)

HURRIANS

Parattarna (or Barattarna)

Idrimi M/ANET

Kikkuli (L / wik.)
Tushratta (M / L)

HITTITES / OTHER ANATOLIAN AFFAIRS

Tudhaliya (I or II, uncertain) (M / L)

Hattusili III (M)

Suppiluliuma I (M)

Muwatalli (M)

Madduwatta (M, wik., L)

Mursili II
Puduhepa
Attarissiyas (L)

BABYLON / ELAM

Nebuchadnezzar I (M)

Burnaburiash II (M)

Sin-leqe-unninni (M)

Shutruk-Nahhunte (M)

FIRST MILLENNIUM

BIBLICAL FIGURES 

Samuel (Bible)

Saul (Bible)

David (M, Bible)

Absalom (Bible)

Tamar (Bible)

Solomon (M, Bible) 

Omri (M / L)

Ahab (M/L/ANET)

Hezekiah (Wik/L)

Hoshea (M / L)

NEO-ASSYRIAN

Assurnasirpal II (M)

Shalmeneser III (M)

Shamshi-Adad V (M)

Sammuramat / Semiramis (M, L)

Dayyan-Assur (M)

Shamshi-ilu (M)

Tiglath-Pileser III (M)

Sargon II (M)

Sennacherib (M)

Esarrhadon (M)

Assurbanipal (M)

NEO-BABYLONIAN

Marduk-Appla-Iddina = biblical Merodach-Baladan (M)

Nabopolassar (M)

Nebuchadnezzar II (M)

Nabonidus (M)

Belshazzar = biblical Balthazar (M, wik)

ANATOLIA

Azatiwatas (L, ANET [Karatepe Inscription]; M);

Awarikus aka Urik or Urikki (L, ANET [Karatepe Inscription])

Midas (M, L)

Gyges (M, online (Herodotus))

Alyattes (M, online (Herodotus))

Croesus (M, online (Herodotus))

MEDES AND PERSIANS

Umakishtar aka Cyaxares (M, online Herodotus reading)

Ishtumegu aka Astyages (M, Online (Herodotus))

Achaemenes (M, online (Herodotus))

Cyrus II The Great (M, online (Herodotus))

Cambyses (M / L)

Darius (M / L / online Behistun inscription reading)

Xerxes (M, online, Herodotus))

Cyrus III the younger (M.)

OTHER

Sarduri I (M)

Sarduri II (M)

Hadad-ezer (M)

Wen-Amun (M, ANET)

Taharqa (M)

Necho (M)

Psamtik (M)

Ktesias / Ctesias (M)

Berossus (M)

Xenophon (M)